Events 20th century

Ideology – Revolution – Communism – Fascism - Liberation

.Ideology_

An ideology is a collection of ideas witch characterizes the thinking of a person, a community or a period. It is also the philosophical doctrine focusing on the study of the origin of ideas.

.When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?

The first philosophers who studied the"ideology" , they placed the need  in the "interior self". The change was when it was extended in the area of social.
.What caused them?
The term "ideology" was born in the highly controversial philosophical and political debates and fights of the French Revolution, in a social and political conflict.

.What impact did they have?
The term ideology, reserved in the nineteenth century intellectual debate, becomes the twentieth century the vehicle of great social movements and thought, on the support of great masses who are indoctrinated by the new media, propaganda, violence and repression.
.How were these events represented in the media of their time?
Every work of art reflects, in the form or content, the essential features of the historical context in which it was created, and this implies the existence within the ideology of the time.

.Revolution_

Change or transformation is the radical and deep respect to the immediate past,  abrupt and violent, as a breach of established order but with a plan for the future.

.When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?
Revolution can happen anywhere, where there is/was a reason for the new union of common interests or utopia, in front of an old union of these.

.What caused them?
Revolutions are the result of historical processes and collective constructions (economic, cultural, religious, political, social, military, technology …).

.What impact did they have?
The Revolution are used to give example where conflicts are similar. For example, the influence of liberal ideas of French Revolution led to several leaders to gain their independence.

.How were these events represented in the media of their time?
This can be represented either through their subject (ideal) or technical development.

.Communism_

Political ideology whose main aspiration is a society in which the principal resources and means of production belong to the community and not individuals. Proposes  the abolition of social classes, the destruction of the state,private property and liberal market and the end of capitalism. The workers of the world should unite to seize power and institute a dictatorship of the proletariat, and finally an economic system in which everyone would be equal and live in community.

.When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?

Marx y Engels, in 1848 they published the Communist Manifesto. The first revolutionary action carried out in the name of communist ideology, was in revolutionary France .

.What caused them?

Communism as a political and ideological tradition arises from the eighteenth century driven by strong social contradictions in Europe.

.What impact did they have?

The Communist Manifesto is considered one of the most influential political treatises in history.

Russian Revolution - Maoism - Cuba - Communist Party of Spain - Vietnam – Mexico- Hungary- Czechoslovakia -

.How were these events represented in the media of their time?

Political propaganda, socialist realism, Russian constructivism. In Spain full-color posters, banners, and fliers, brandishing dramatic swaths of red and black or blue or yellow were all over the city: along the streets, taped to windows, tacked up on kiosks in every public square, on the interior walls of office buildings and private homes, in all the subway stations, on the sides of buses, trucks, and even trains. 

.Fascism_

Is meaning is controversial, is the term most obscure and confusing political ideologies.

When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?

Fascism emerged after the Great War in a crisis scenario, economic, social and political.

It spread over much of Europe through organizations inspired by the Italian model of Mussolini and later in Nazi Germany. Their action contributed decisively to the outbreak of World War II, then, defeated, disappeared in most European states.

.What caused them?

Postwar problems, the extension of political rights, the universal suffrage, the emergence of new political parties (socialists, communists, social democrats) and anarchists, frightened the rancid political formations. The corporations and employers union, the crisis of 1929 and a radical and extreme political life.

.What impact did they have?

Italian Fascism, German Nazism, the British Union of Fascists, Poland, Croatia, Austria, Portugal, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria...

In Spain, General Francisco Franco, after perpetrate a coup d'etat(1936) against the Second Republic and lead to a civil war that lasted three years, implemented a military dictator ship that initially maintained close relations with Hitler's Germany and Italy Mussolini and whit God.

.How were these events represented in the media of their time?

Fascism produced an extraordinary publicity apparatus to popularize official doctrine.  As well also in architecture and . And "degenerate art" .

.Have you chosen this terms because......?

In Spain we have lived all of the terms I have selected, and in same way still alive in people and in the memories of my grandparents, in their mode of action and their evolution at the same time the course of events.

My family comes from a town of Andalusia forgotten, in the province of Jaén, where the lower class suffers most and where the great lords most abuse of them . A town turned to the countryside, olive groves and wheat. With the arrival of the Republic (1931) of the big changes come: the increase of trade unionism, women can for the first time in history comes to vote and agrarian reform. In the summer of 1936 several generals give a coup d'etat against the republican government which flows into the military uprising. the civil guard forces adhere to the revolt and go to city hall to take control and stop the mayor, but the townspeople stopped their feet and the Civil Guard barracks was attacked. Thus began a popular revolution in the town that leads to the destruction of churches and the arrest of several persons in the village. Begin collectivization of numerous oil cooperatives and is installed tense calm in the province. But peace is short when at Christmas 1936, in nearby locations battles are initiated by the rebel army and the beginning  of bombings against civilians that occur primarily in late 1938. Deaths by bombs, causing reprisals and shootings. On March 29, 1939, the town and other cities of the province surrender, two days after the people's army surrenders and the contest ends ...

The military began a new repression this time against the communists and anarchists. Many people are shot, others disappeared with the "false suicides," hundreds of people are arrested, they take them to farms and large houses used as barracks, while others are sent to concentration camps. In the fields and hills starts a guerrilla activity of various anti-fascist"maquis", which for several years fighting against Franco's forces. Several of those detained back to their towns and cities to work in"devastated areas" company created to rebuild the country and labour used on detainees. Here begins the dictatorship , the repression and with it a military dictatorship for 40 years. Then came democracy and the liberation of the Franco regime. My grandparents emigrated to Madrid in the early 70's, they took all their belongings and their five little children, put them in a truck, Madrid was waiting ... with demonstrations of opposition to the dictatorship of workers and students, nationalist movements, starting the Spanish Transition to democracy with the death of Franco in 1975, which culminated in elections June 15, 1977, the year I was born.

I admire my grandparents, they lived through the war, repression, hunger, the devaluation of women, democracy, liberation of women, religion and education. And now live with the great advances as internet, and freedom of thought.