Asses_The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari vs Nosferatu

The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari_expressionism film set design and lighting (1919)
The art direction of the film was given by Walter Reimann and Walter Roehrig, old components of the "Der Sturm group" Berlin Expressionist movement. Both created an original atmosphere and fantastic film that fills the delirious atmosphere and emphasizes the protagonist's mental self-destruction.

Interior/exterior Doctor´s home

In the street

Nature spaces

Exterior/interior Doctor´s cabinet

.Task

.Description of why this work is an example of Modernism.

The irregular geometry of windows and doors, stairs, roads and roofs, streets that are lost obliquely, and asymmetrical house fronts. Most of these elements are arranged as oblique lines which are crossed, twitching action and directing the viewer's gaze.
Closely related to the sets, is the lighting and shadows, which is a main feature of Expressionism. The contrast between light and shadow highlights the dramatic intent of the action and the qualities and moods of the characters. It is so important that even the paint on the sets light and shadow to have total control over it. They are used indoors, small and claustrophobic,heavily decorated to transmit to the spectator the feeling of restlessness and discomfort.

.Description of the work and its context.

It is impossible to ignore the historical moment it was made "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" because it is the key to understanding the proposal raises this film. Made a year after the end of the First World War, Robert Wiene's film materializes the tension of a humiliated country, aggravated by a severe economic crisis, and a frenzied political and social agitation, showing a distorted reality, altered, constantly located the edge of chaos.

.Artist´s intentions for, meanings of the work.
Caligari's dominance over his sleepwalker / zombie Cesare is easily interpreted as a metaphor for fascist and authoritarian regimes that emerged in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. The film expresses symbolically the events that occurred as a result of post-war and had the vision of the events that effectively occurred as a result of that first great war.

.How reflects the period in which it was made(social, political influences).

Expressionism is an art translation, despair and fear of the German people in a dark age. After the First World War, and even the height of Nazism in the early 30's, Germany was the birthplace of a new style of making films based on the stylistic features of the expressionist movement, such as the use of chiaroscuro, dreamlike atmospheres and exaggerated angles and compositions.


.Nosferatu set design and lighting (1922)_ Nosferatu is distinguished over other works of its time in telling a story unreal, full of symbols, in a real, real sets, shaking the viewer using signs everyday that recognizes and turn against it. The most noticeable change in Nosferatu was the real locations and outdoors.

Although the exteriors, Murnau also recharge the frame with thick forests, castles with jagged towers, roads oblique fronts actual buildings give the feeling of asymmetry for the same effect of anxiety and discomfort produced in Caligari. It is precisely the use of external and real spaces in Nosferatu which increases the feeling of a gloomy and frightening environment, making it more real for the viewer.

Another aspect by which Murnau innovations was the lighting.Exaggerated lighting, reserved only for the particular light of Count Orlock(Nosferatu). Murnau reserve the main characteristics of the expressionist films to describe the vampire´s supernatural universe . On the contrary, everything that does not belong to that world is treated with an almost documentary naturalism.

A very characteristic technique is the use of light as a building, in some scenes of sudden enlightenment of the characters leave the rest of the decor in the dark. The shadows also serve to tell the story.Example of this would be the scene where you see the shadow of Count Orlock climbing the stairs of the house of Nina or after that scene where the shadow of the hand of Count Orlock is reflected in Nina's body and pretend to squeezes the heart.

Era Cinema_Alicia Roxanne East Waking Dreams: F.W. Murnau’s Nosferatu and Weimar

http://www.filmnirvana.com/howto/how-analyse-%E2%80%98mise-en-scene%E2%80%99/4098

Art and technology

Jean Tinguely(1925-1995)_through his art satirized the mindless over production of material goods by the advanced industrial society and with it technology.

Optiko Echoes of Light, is the projection of light rays, color animations and will interact with the tunnel and people that cross, creating a mind-boggling, magical sensory and transports them to a different dimension to daily living. An artistic experience. A proposal, designed by architect and visual artist Ignacio Saavedra Guerricabeitia.

LAb[au] f5x5x5_by using a combination of aluminum, Plexiglas, LED lights, determination, wit, stepper motors, critical thinking and IR tracking technologies, the f5x5x5 sculpture was created. Dubbed a "kinetic and luminous framework," the installation is part of a larger '16n' project designed to confront architectural problems (like congestion and flows) with spatial sensing technologies.

Contemporary Art_Tokujin Yoshioka

Tokujin Yoshioka_ 
Snow_create spatial designs made from artificial materials, giving the viewer the sensation of experiencing light, snow, storms and other phenomena in a huge space of 15m in width, fine feathers are blown up by wind and shower down as if real snow does.

Stellar_ The crystal illuminated sphere descends from the sky lighting the exhibition space with rays of light. Tokujin brings together the explorations made in his previous work with the intention of creating a ‘star’.

http://www.tokujin.com/en/

Contemporary Art_Yayoi Kusama

The Japanese artist born in 1928 in Matsumoto plays one of the most important roles of post war art from a feminist perspective, realistic and raw.

Her career was launched 10 years ago when the polka dots and created impressive painted watercolors. In 1957 she left her homeland to live in the United States where she showed her great and original ideas such as sculptures or sculptures soft exterior mirrors and electric lights. Also participated in various festivals in full 60's psychedelia and closer to pop art.

In his works you will recognize not only her talent but obsessed strokes caused by mental illness. The artist returned to Japan in 1973 to live permanently in a psychiatric hospital.

Yayoi Kusama said "One day I was looking at the red flower patterns of the table cloth on a table, and when I looked up I saw the same pattern covering the ceiling, the windows and the walls, and finally all over the room, my body and the universe. I felt as if I had begun to self-obliterate, to revolve in the infinity of endless time and the absoluteness of space, and be reduced to nothingness. As I realized it was actually happening and not just in my imagination, I was frightened. I knew I had to run away lest I should be deprived of my life by the spell of the red flowers. I ran desperately up the stairs. The steps below me began to fall apart and I fell down the stairs straining my ankle."

http://bombsite.com/issues/66/articles/2192
http://www.nonsolokawaii.com/art-file-yayoi-kusama-part-2/
http://www.museoreinasofia.es/exposiciones/2011/kusama_en.html

Contemporary Art_Robert and Shana ParkeHarrison

The works of Robert and Shana Parkeharrison contain an enormous inspiration. Their pictures tell stories.

Their job is like a documentary of imaginary events. Their way of documenting is magical and surreal. These images combine performance, sculpture, painting and photography. Each image is a collage that connects with several of his photographs, wax and paint are added and this is how are these images that are extremely beautiful but also bleak.
The photos require long and elaborate staging, almost as if it were a film production, and once done ​​the picture, the process continues with digital retouching. The aged texture of the images and the dense atmosphere of these creations lead to images of immense melancholy.

The creations you can see the clear influence of literature, theatre,film and painting.

http://www.parkeharrison.com/
http://photographynow.net/robert_and_shana_parkeharrison/portfolio1.html
http://www2.oakland.edu/shatteringearth/artists.cfm?Art=37

Contemporary Art_Antonio Saura

Antonio Saura is known as the painter of informalism a tendency of Spanish Abstract Art. Along with artists like Chirino, Chillida and Antonio Tapies, formed the "El Paso" group (1957).

But here i am going to see his contemporary era, specially illustration and graphics. His work takes the negative of surrealism, the monstrous, the natural, violent and intuitive, the Action Painting, take the gestural nature of the creative process and the informality, the abstraction.
The repression of the Franco regime facilitates and provokes a highly strained in this years. The result is a highly politicized art. Economic development and increased consumer goods encourages the art market in the cities, which will begin to relate to the foreign market. Also develops other graphic works and production of works in series to satisfy the demands of the average buyer. This is an environment for the creation of new art galleries, as well as the consolidation of existing ones. It produces also a development of art criticism.

His work as an illustrator began in 1963 with a series of etchings and aquatints Träume accompanying the text of Quevedo. It continues with the illustration of texts of Cervantes, Kafka, Orwell and many more, culminating in the illustration of his own paper, Nulla dies sine linea. Merging with the text, illustration calls and reveals the repertoire of images that Antonio Saura, creates and develops.

http://www.antoniosaura.org/index.php

http://www.foroxerbar.com/viewtopic.php?t=6771

Post-Modernism_Blade Runner

Task

.Description of why this work is an example of development of Modernism.
Some further aspects considered to be key in postmodernism: skepticism about the faith in progress, science, or class struggle and a sense of apocalypse are also important postmodernist features. The effects of capitalism' and consumerism. Cristina Degli-Esposti also identifies several other features unique to postmodernism which include intertextuality, parody and pastiche, questions about what is perceived as real, the search for identity, and the idea of the fragmented self or a fragmented society.

.Description of the work and its context.
Blade Runner is a film that explores contemporary theories of the postmodern. The mise-en-scene combines the common domestic with the bizarre and unrecognisable, imbuing the scene with an eerie sense of the familiar, which raises questions about a disconnected sense of heritage. 
“Trash and waste, pollution and decay, are visualized as curious and beautiful, postmodern sensibility finding aesthetic pleasure and sublimity in the accumulations and transformative decay of the cityscape…” (Sobchack)

.Artist´s intentions for, meanings of the work.

What does it mean to be human?

What is reality?
What is the difference between real memories and artificial memories?
How does our environment affect us?
What are the moral issues we face in the creation of artificial people?
http://brmovie.com/Analysis/index.htm#Postmodern

.How reflects the period in which it was made(social, political influences).
Since its first release in 1982, Blade Runner has been taken by critics as a vision of a particular historical epoch, the period many people today are calling postmodernism.  Its portrait of ecological disaster and urban overcrowding, of a visual and aural landscape saturated with advertising, of a polyglot population immersed in a Babel of competing cultures, of decadence and homelessness, of technological achievement and social decay, has appeared to many people as prescient. (Jay Clayton)

Modernism-Postmodernism_Picasso

Pablo Picasso_(1881-1973)

.Task
.Description of why this work is an example of Modernism.
Picasso is no just a example of Modernism, he is the best example. In his work you can discover a range of styles of his time. He mastered all the techniques and evolved, started in the paint with realism, surrealism, symbolism, post-impressionism, modernism, cubism, expressionism, abstract art..

.Description of the work and its context.
The painter feels the drama that is living Spain, but also has his feet on the ground. He knows it's more useful for the Republic in Paris than in Madrid, so he decides to artistically express what he feels to the rebels and the war giving his report an universal value.

.Artist´s intentions for, meanings of the work.
.How reflects the period in which it was made(social, political influences).Spain was a backward country in the new artistic languages, but instead provide some of the essential artists of the century.

Guernica_is a manifesto against the war and any kind of human brutality.

Dream and Lie of Franco_It is a silent cartoon in eighteen vignettes between black humor and satire cruel allegorically described the devastating effects of the "crusade" Franco against the Spanish people.

The woman crying, Maya, Cat catching a bird, Night Fishing in Antibes_

It is a symbol iconography of the catastrophe that is the Spanish Civil War. Transmit an overwhelming tension that reflects the global state of the months before the start of World War II.

From reality to abstraction

Alfred H. Barr's diagram "The Development of Abstract Art"
Exhibition of 1936 at The Museum of Modern Art.







Barr assembled a linear and evolutionary history of modern art, as revealed by his diagrams, and the connections he saw in the development of art in the first third of this century. The rooms had from works of Cézanne to Cubism and Futurism to Suprematism.

.Activity

Russian Constructivism

Background
The decade began in 1910, saw the artists of that nation to absorb the new ideas of Cubism and Futurism and  Dadaism, with surprising speed and then continue towards different innovations. The Russian avant-garde had enough in common with Cubism and Futurism Cubo-Futurism to coin the term. The experiments in typography and design characterized the books and newspapers of the Futurist artists, presenting works by the artistic community, visual and literary.

Milestones of the time

The  First World War (1914 -1918) and the Russian Revolution (1917).

Representative exponents
• Kasimir Malevich (Suprematism began with)
• Vladimir Tatlin (father of constructivism)
• Alexander Rodchenko (painter)
• Aleksei Gan (wrote the principles of constructivism)
• El Lissitzky (started on Graphic Design)
Technical and formal specifications
Showing simultaneous actions, overlay images, using extreme close-ups and images in perspective, often together, and the rhythmic repetition of an image formed some of the techniques related to design and cinema. The style is based on clean lines and geometric shapes and the use of photography, shapes and typefaces block.

Constructivist Architectural Fantasies Lakov Chernikhov

Events 20th century

Ideology – Revolution – Communism – Fascism - Liberation

.Ideology_

An ideology is a collection of ideas witch characterizes the thinking of a person, a community or a period. It is also the philosophical doctrine focusing on the study of the origin of ideas.

.When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?

The first philosophers who studied the"ideology" , they placed the need  in the "interior self". The change was when it was extended in the area of social.
.What caused them?
The term "ideology" was born in the highly controversial philosophical and political debates and fights of the French Revolution, in a social and political conflict.

.What impact did they have?
The term ideology, reserved in the nineteenth century intellectual debate, becomes the twentieth century the vehicle of great social movements and thought, on the support of great masses who are indoctrinated by the new media, propaganda, violence and repression.
.How were these events represented in the media of their time?
Every work of art reflects, in the form or content, the essential features of the historical context in which it was created, and this implies the existence within the ideology of the time.

.Revolution_

Change or transformation is the radical and deep respect to the immediate past,  abrupt and violent, as a breach of established order but with a plan for the future.

.When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?
Revolution can happen anywhere, where there is/was a reason for the new union of common interests or utopia, in front of an old union of these.

.What caused them?
Revolutions are the result of historical processes and collective constructions (economic, cultural, religious, political, social, military, technology …).

.What impact did they have?
The Revolution are used to give example where conflicts are similar. For example, the influence of liberal ideas of French Revolution led to several leaders to gain their independence.

.How were these events represented in the media of their time?
This can be represented either through their subject (ideal) or technical development.

.Communism_

Political ideology whose main aspiration is a society in which the principal resources and means of production belong to the community and not individuals. Proposes  the abolition of social classes, the destruction of the state,private property and liberal market and the end of capitalism. The workers of the world should unite to seize power and institute a dictatorship of the proletariat, and finally an economic system in which everyone would be equal and live in community.

.When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?

Marx y Engels, in 1848 they published the Communist Manifesto. The first revolutionary action carried out in the name of communist ideology, was in revolutionary France .

.What caused them?

Communism as a political and ideological tradition arises from the eighteenth century driven by strong social contradictions in Europe.

.What impact did they have?

The Communist Manifesto is considered one of the most influential political treatises in history.

Russian Revolution - Maoism - Cuba - Communist Party of Spain - Vietnam – Mexico- Hungary- Czechoslovakia -

.How were these events represented in the media of their time?

Political propaganda, socialist realism, Russian constructivism. In Spain full-color posters, banners, and fliers, brandishing dramatic swaths of red and black or blue or yellow were all over the city: along the streets, taped to windows, tacked up on kiosks in every public square, on the interior walls of office buildings and private homes, in all the subway stations, on the sides of buses, trucks, and even trains. 

.Fascism_

Is meaning is controversial, is the term most obscure and confusing political ideologies.

When and where did the events to which the terms refer occur?

Fascism emerged after the Great War in a crisis scenario, economic, social and political.

It spread over much of Europe through organizations inspired by the Italian model of Mussolini and later in Nazi Germany. Their action contributed decisively to the outbreak of World War II, then, defeated, disappeared in most European states.

.What caused them?

Postwar problems, the extension of political rights, the universal suffrage, the emergence of new political parties (socialists, communists, social democrats) and anarchists, frightened the rancid political formations. The corporations and employers union, the crisis of 1929 and a radical and extreme political life.

.What impact did they have?

Italian Fascism, German Nazism, the British Union of Fascists, Poland, Croatia, Austria, Portugal, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria...

In Spain, General Francisco Franco, after perpetrate a coup d'etat(1936) against the Second Republic and lead to a civil war that lasted three years, implemented a military dictator ship that initially maintained close relations with Hitler's Germany and Italy Mussolini and whit God.

.How were these events represented in the media of their time?

Fascism produced an extraordinary publicity apparatus to popularize official doctrine.  As well also in architecture and . And "degenerate art" .

.Have you chosen this terms because......?

In Spain we have lived all of the terms I have selected, and in same way still alive in people and in the memories of my grandparents, in their mode of action and their evolution at the same time the course of events.

My family comes from a town of Andalusia forgotten, in the province of Jaén, where the lower class suffers most and where the great lords most abuse of them . A town turned to the countryside, olive groves and wheat. With the arrival of the Republic (1931) of the big changes come: the increase of trade unionism, women can for the first time in history comes to vote and agrarian reform. In the summer of 1936 several generals give a coup d'etat against the republican government which flows into the military uprising. the civil guard forces adhere to the revolt and go to city hall to take control and stop the mayor, but the townspeople stopped their feet and the Civil Guard barracks was attacked. Thus began a popular revolution in the town that leads to the destruction of churches and the arrest of several persons in the village. Begin collectivization of numerous oil cooperatives and is installed tense calm in the province. But peace is short when at Christmas 1936, in nearby locations battles are initiated by the rebel army and the beginning  of bombings against civilians that occur primarily in late 1938. Deaths by bombs, causing reprisals and shootings. On March 29, 1939, the town and other cities of the province surrender, two days after the people's army surrenders and the contest ends ...

The military began a new repression this time against the communists and anarchists. Many people are shot, others disappeared with the "false suicides," hundreds of people are arrested, they take them to farms and large houses used as barracks, while others are sent to concentration camps. In the fields and hills starts a guerrilla activity of various anti-fascist"maquis", which for several years fighting against Franco's forces. Several of those detained back to their towns and cities to work in"devastated areas" company created to rebuild the country and labour used on detainees. Here begins the dictatorship , the repression and with it a military dictatorship for 40 years. Then came democracy and the liberation of the Franco regime. My grandparents emigrated to Madrid in the early 70's, they took all their belongings and their five little children, put them in a truck, Madrid was waiting ... with demonstrations of opposition to the dictatorship of workers and students, nationalist movements, starting the Spanish Transition to democracy with the death of Franco in 1975, which culminated in elections June 15, 1977, the year I was born.

I admire my grandparents, they lived through the war, repression, hunger, the devaluation of women, democracy, liberation of women, religion and education. And now live with the great advances as internet, and freedom of thought.

The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus geographically and historically emerged in a key moment of thetwentieth century, determined, no doubt, our present. Wasborn at the crossroads between the two World Wars,reflected the great changes toward modernity.

If in the beginning looked to the craft, later foundin industrial production the best way tobe faithful to its time, seeing in the serial production a social commitment. Underpressure, an exceptional witness the rise of Nazism, the Bauhaus was closed and its members finally wereforced to emigrate from Germany before World War II.

Architecture and interior design, examples.

 Homes for students. University of Burgundy, Dijon, 1990

Tendency to the rationalization of construction processes. The validity of the cube as constructive solution. Basic geometry. Town planning. The concept of 'module', inseparable from that set and repetition, with the Bauhaus acquired a new significance.

Residential Complex in Rotherbaum, Hamburg, 1993

The white, the large windows,  the simple pilotes, non cornices and any type of ornament, are evidence of the current termof the constructive principles of the Bauhaus.

Model of paper, 80 x 90 cm, made in 1928 by astudent at the Bauhaus. Torres Blancas, Madrid, 1968.Sáenz de Oíza.


Constructive utopia,has been renovated in many city-tower projects. Social proposals and technical solutions.

Functional design, and synthetic, promoted by the Bauhaus had a new echo, especially in the genre of science fiction.

Others